Evaluation of membrane structure designs using boundary web cables for uniform tensioning

A design challenge in large membrane space structures is to apply pretension as uniformly as possible throughout the membrane, without increasing structural mass and volume. The present paper begins with a brief review of existing designs of membranes surrounded by catenary cables and shear compliant borders. The paper then introduces weblike cables that surround the membrane, and analyzes the consequent reduction in mass and volume. In addition, a series of quasi-static finite element analyses demonstrates the attenuation of wrinkles by the web cables when support points are perturbed. The paper concludes that the proposed design preserves a biaxially prestressed membrane even in disturbed conditions, with a minimal suspension-cable mass and volume.     

Detection of biomarkers using infra-red spectroscopy

In the near future, more missions of exploration will be sent to our neighbour planets and moons to detect signs of life. The automatisation of such search is not an easy task and selecting the right samples for the analysis is even less easy. This paper proposes a technique using infra-red spectroscopy coupled with statistical and multivariate algorithms to preselect targets for detailed search for biomarkers.     

Nonlinear 6-DOF control of spacecraft docking with inter-satellite electromagnetic force

Compared to traditional docking systems, spacecraft docking with inter-satellite electromagnetic mechanism has distinct advantages. However, its 6-DOF control problem has not been adequately investigated. From our knowledge, this paper attempts to study the 6-DOF control problem for the first time. Based on the far-field electromagnetic force model and Hill's model, the dynamic model of translational motion is derived; using tracking control strategy, LQR method and estimate of Extended State Observer (ESO), an optimal and robust translational controller is designed to satisfy relative position/velocity requirements of soft docking. Representing the attitude of the docking spacecraft pair by unit quaternion, the attitude dynamic and kinematic models with quaternion expression are derived; using behavior-based coordinated control approach and ESO, a decentralized attitude controller is designed to simultaneously align one spacecraft with its absolute desired attitude and with the other spacecraft of the docking pair, requiring no angular velocity measurement and exhibiting better robust capability. The feasibility and performance of this proposed 6-DOF controller are validated by theoretical deduction and simulation results.     

Historical aspects of human presence in Space

Purpose: This paper presents the development of human presence in Space from its beginnings. Study hypotheses were based on historical findings on scientific, medical, cultural, and political aspects of manned Space flight due to the different attitudes of Space minded nations and organizations. Impacts of aerospace medicine on the advances of biomedical sciences will be touched upon, as well as the historical development of aviation and Space medical achievements which are described briefly and visions for future developments are given.Methods: An overview was gained by literature-study, archives research and oral history taking.Results: Aviation Medicine evolved parallel to Man's ability to fly. War-triggered advancements in aviation brought mankind to the edge of space-equivalent conditions within a few decades of the first motor-flight, which took place in the USA in 1903 [V. Harsch, Aerospace medicine in Germany: from the very beginnings, Aviation and Space Environment Medicine 71 (2000) 447–450 [1]].Forerunners and precursors of aerospace medicine can be found in the fields of high mountain physiology and aviation medicine. In Germany, in 1901, the meteorologists Arthur Berson and Reinhard Suering reached a height of 10,500 m with their balloon “Preussen” in 1901 [V. Harsch, Aerospace medicine in Germany: from the very beginnings, Aviation and Space Environment Medicine 71 (2000) 447–450 [1]]. For further ascents to the stratosphere the aviation-physiologists, Nathan Zuntz (Berlin) and his colleague Hermann von Schroetter (Vienna), in 1905 not only suggested the use of face-fitting breathing-masks, but also the employment of a hermetically sealed cabin [H.C. Gunga, K.A. Kirsch, Nathan Zuntz (1847–1920)—A German pioneer in high altitude physiology and aviation medicine, Aviation and Space Environment Medicine 66 (1995) 168–176 [9]]. Auguste Piccard successfully applied this principle in cooperation with Paul Kipfer in 1931, when they reached a height of 15,781 m [A. Piccard, Über den Wolken, unter den Wellen (Above the clouds, below the waves). Brockhaus, Wiesbaden, 1954 [11]].     

基于方向调制的无线安全传输基本原理、关键技术与未来展望

方向调制(Directional modulation,DM)作为无线物理层安全传输的关键技术能够很好地提升系统的安全性能。然而,由于在角度测量过程中存在误差,因此需要在设计有用信号波束成形向量和人工噪声(Artificial noise,AN)投影矩阵时考虑角度误差,从而提升系统安全性能。本文首先描述了DM系统模型,然后介绍了到达角(Direction of arrival,DOA)估计技术、稳健波束成形设计的3种算法及功率分配技术。仿真表明:稳健波束成形合成方法的性能明显要优于非稳健合成方法,且有用信号和AN之间最优功率分配能明显提高安全速率性能。最后,对DM未来新的发展方向与所面临的挑战性等开放问题进行展望与总结。     

基于高斯分解的乙醚-水溶液荧光光谱分析

实验检测了波长为245nm的紫外光激发乙醚-水溶液的荧光光谱。在二阶导数分析的基础上,对乙醚-水溶液的荧光光谱作高斯分解,获得了7条高斯谱线并测定了各自的的中心波长、谱峰强度和半峰宽度。利用高斯基元参数进行了多峰高斯拟合,计算了各高斯谱线对应的基态中最高和最低振动能级差。研究发现,溶液中乙醚分子与水分子以不同的方式结合可以形成7种能发射荧光的缔合分子,其对应的最佳吸收波长不同,引起高斯谱线的半峰宽度各异,中心波长位于304nm的高斯谱线对应的能级差最大。研究结果为乙醚-水溶液中分子缔合结构的进一步研究提供了参考。     

基于两相流理论滑动轴承动力特性求解

将计算流体动力学(CFD)两相流与动网格技术应用于滑动轴承动力特性数值求解,建立了基于CFD两相流滑动轴承动力特性求解模型,该模型无需设定油膜破裂边界条件且更能准确模拟滑动轴承流场特性.比较了单相流与两相流滑动轴承压力分布特性,计算分析了滑动轴承气穴分布特征及其影响因素,研究了两相流模型对滑动轴承动力特性的影响.计算结果表明:气化比例随着转速、偏心率和气化压力的增加而迅速增大,随进口压力的增加而缓慢减小.考虑两相流后,直接刚度系数增加,交叉刚度系数减小,直接与交叉阻尼系数均减小.随着偏心率的增加,单相流与两相流动力特性系数求解结果偏差增大.      

基于Backstepping和扰动观测器的导引律

考虑目标机动和自动驾驶仪动态特性等情况,基于扰动观测器(DOB)技术及Backstepping的设计思想,提出了一种新型的三维导引律。运用Backstepping的设计思想,将包含驾驶仪动态特性的制导环路分为外环和内环两个环路。将目标机动及俯仰和偏航平面间的交叉耦合项当成外环扰动,将驾驶仪参数不确定当成内环扰动,分别设计内外扰动观测器将它们估计出来,利用估计值做前馈补偿得到的外环控制器可抑制目标机动对制导精度的影响及实现两个平面的解耦控制,内环控制器补偿驾驶仪动态特性对制导精度的影响。导引律的设计在于使得导弹的实际加速度跟踪上外环的虚拟控制。仿真结果表明:在目标做大机动、考虑驾驶仪动态特性的情况下,这种导引律仍然具有良好的制导精度。